Introduction: Ethical leadership is leadership focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics AND values, as well as THE rights AND dignity of oTHErs. Ethical leadership can add value to businesses by motivating employees AND fulfilling company values. THErefore, THE present research was conducted with THE aim of analyzing THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ethical leadership AND cooperative social responsibility AND THE moral climate of THE organization. Material & Methods: THE current research is applied in terms of purpose AND descriptive AND correlational in terms of data collection method. THE statistical population of this research included all employees of Management AND Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among THEm, 200 people were selected as THE research sample using a simple rANDom sampling method. A stANDard questionnaire was used to collect data. THE data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: THE results of statistical analysis showed that ethical leadership has a direct AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility AND ethical climate. Also, moral climate has a direct AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility. At THE same time, ethical leadership has an indirect AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility through THE mediation of ethical climate. Conclusion: Ethical leadership can affect THEir social responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate AND align with THE company's values. THE results of this research showed that ethical leadership leads to greater employee satisfaction AND collaborative responsibility AND leads to THE formation of an ethical atmosphere in THE organization

A B S T R A C TTHE purpose of this study is to measure THE level of sustainability of residential complexes in Gorgan AND to identify THE impact of social capital AND its dimensions on THE concept of housing sustainability. THE research method is descriptive AND survey type. THE statistical population of THE research includes all THE residential complexes of Gorgan city, of which 268 cases were determined using Cochran's formula as a statistical sample AND were selected AND studied using THE two-stage cluster sampling method.. A researcher-made questionnaire with an answer package was used to collect data. Its validity was confirmed using THE formal method AND its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for THE concept of social capital (α = 0.879) AND housing sustainability (α = 0.810), respectively. THE findings showed that THEre is a significant positive RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN social capital AND its dimensions with THE dependent variable, i.e. housing sustainability variable AND its four dimensions. THE results showed that THE integrated model in THE present study was able to explain THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN social capital AND THE concept of housing sustainability to an acceptable extent. THErefore, this model can be useful for oTHEr urban areas of THE countryExtended AbstractIntroductionTHE home is THE source AND destination of all human life; AND man leaves it for work AND social activity, AND after doing it AND gaining experience, he returns home. THErefore, THE category of housing is a broad AND complex category that has various dimensions. This concept, in addition to THE place in THE physical concept, includes all THE services AND facilities needed by an individual or family that need it to live. To this end, housing planning requires in-depth studies in various social, cultural AND historical fields. Today, THE mere attention to THE economy, many human, social, indigenous AND cultural values have been lost in THE course of THEse unprincipled constructions that have grown AND are growing at an unprecedented rate. Hence, housing architecture does not simply mean designing or constructing space for human life; For this reason, in housing architecture, especially social housing, apart from THE design of human habitation, oTHEr dimensions of human life AND habitation must also be considered. Based on what has been mentioned, in our country, today most of THE economic dimension AND consequently a small increase in THE construction AND architecture of residential complexes AND oTHEr dimensions of sustainable development, including social, cultural, physical AND THE environment is neglected. Lack of adequate housing, as housing that has THE least incompatibility with THE natural environment around it AND in a wider area with THE region AND THE world; it creates problems for THE city AND its residents. Meanwhile, residential complexes in Gorgan are no exception to this rule. Complexes that are designed with only THE economic dimension in mind, THE result of which is THE construction of housing in different parts of THE city, which has THE least coordination AND compatibility with oTHEr aspects of sustainable development. Given THE above, THE importance of THE present study, attention to THE principles of sustainable development AND THE need to create AND expAND social capital for human societies, in THE space that was drawn is very important. MethodologyAccording to THE purpose of THE research AND THE level of data analysis, THE survey method has been used to collect data. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to obtain information. THE statistical population of THE study includes all residential complexes in Gorgan. THE sample size is 268 based on Cochran's logical formula. Two-stage cluster rANDom sampling method is used. So that THE statistical population is divided into clusters AND homogeneous groups AND THEn THE quota of groups or clusters is determined in proportion to THE frequency distribution of each cluster. In THE next step, residential complexes are selected as a statistical sample from each cluster. To verify THE validity of THE tool, THE formal validation method (referring to professors AND specialists) has been used. Cronbach's alpha method was also used to determine THE reliability of THE instrument. Results AND discussionAccording to THE results of t-test, it can be said that THE social capital index is not desirable. THE average of social capital index is lower than THE hypoTHEtical average. This means that THE amount of social capital of THE residents of residential complexes in Gorgan is not at THE desired level. This is if THE level of stability of residential complexes in Gorgan is at a desirable level. Also, THEre is a significant RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN housing sustainability AND social capital. AND THE order of THE effect of social capital variable on THE dimensions of economic, social, physical AND environmental sustainability. Based on THE results of THE probability ratio of THE Chi-square value model is less than 0.01, it can be said that THE regression model is a good model in which independent variables are well able to explain THE changes of THE dependent variable. THE results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that THE estimated value of THE social interaction variable is equal to 1.184, which shows that assuming THE effect of all model variables remains constant, an increase in THE independent social interaction variable increases by 1.184 units. In logarithmic ratios, THE dependent variable (housing stability) will be associated. Prioritization of THE effectiveness of THE studied factors indicates that THE factor of formal participation has THE first place in determining THE sustainability of housing. After this factor, THE mental class factor is in THE second place, THEn THE residential home ownership factor is in THE third place. ConclusionOne of THE issues that has attracted everyone's attention in recent decades is housing AND its sustainable development, which is in line with human development. An important point that has been addressed in THE documents of THE Second Human Settlement Summit is THE importance of THE role of sustainable housing AND THE provision of adequate housing for THE people in THE development process. Various factors such as architectural style, climate, geography AND customs are influential in housing design in different places. In THE meantime, THE role of social factors or in oTHEr words social capital cannot be ignored; Because social capital is rooted in THE structure AND social norms of society AND is generally a combination of trust, communication network, social norms AND social relations at THE individual AND community level. Accordingly, THE main purpose of this study is to measure THE social capital of residents AND THE sustainability of residential complexes in Gorgan. Based on THE results, THE four dimensions of THE dependent variable are affected by THE social capital variable. This means that THE existence of concepts such as trust, interaction, participation, etc. in residential complexes, can provide THE stability of THE residential complex. As long as THE residents of a complex have an effective AND reciprocal RELATIONSHIP with each oTHEr, THE stability of THE residential complex is provided; Residents to protect THE complex facilities, provide security, visual beauty, hygiene AND cleanliness, rehabilitate or create space Green AND ... will interact AND participate with each oTHEr.FundingTHEre is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to THE conceptualization AND writing of THE article. All of THE authors approved THE content of THE manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of THE work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all THE scientific consultants of this paper.

Introduction: Social responsibility from an ethical point of view includes THE obligations AND duties of natural AND legal persons towards society AND THE environment. THE moral behavior of people, like understANDing of social responsibility, depends on THEir liberal ideology, beliefs AND human values. THErefore, THE aim of THE current research is to study THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN liberalism AND human values with THE moral understANDing of social responsibility. Material & Methods: THE research method is applied in terms of purpose AND descriptive-correlational survey. THE statistical population includes THE financial managers of THE companies admitted to THE stock exchange, AND THE questionnaire was rANDomly distributed among THEm AND 110 questionnaires were received. THE sampling method is rANDom. THE research tool is a questionnaire AND multivariate regression using SPSS software was used to analyze THE data. Results: THE research results show that human values based on public interest have a significant AND positive RELATIONSHIP with THE moral understANDing of social responsibility. But THE thinking of liberalism does not have a meaningful RELATIONSHIP with THE moral understANDing of social responsibility. Conclusion: Based on THE findings of this research, human values based on public interest can be considered as a tool to strengTHEn THE moral behavior of company managers regarding corporate social responsibility. Also, improving THE thinking of liberalism in managers can strengTHEn THEir social responsibility. In this case, THE policy makers of Stock Exchange can direct THE managers of THE listed companies to comply more with THE social responsibility of THE company, through teaching human values AND strengTHEning those values, as well as monitoring THE implementation of ethical regulations

THE houses of THE modern AND postmodern era have failed to provide a “friendly haven” for THEir DWELLERs. Some evidence shows that THEy even promote a sense of alienation AND detachment among THE DWELLERs. Available studies show that this problem could be related to a variety of factors such as THE lack of harmony BETWEEN THE DWELLING AND THE existential aspects of human being, THE lack of meanings associated with such aspects AND, THE passivity of THE DWELLERs.Accordingly, THE main question of this paper is how THE DWELLER AND DWELLING are associated. To this end, this research aims at characterizing THE house that encourages human to discover its hidden dimensions. Such a house promotes a reciprocal interaction with its DWELLER AND it is like a mirror through which THE DWELLERs can see THEmselves AND reflect on what has been talked about.This article argues that “THE legibility of DWELLING” AND “THE DWELLER’s interpretation of meanings” are helpful to establish THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DWELLER AND THE DWELLING. THE relevant studies AND THEories on THE topic were collected AND analyzed to explore “THE exchange of meaning BETWEEN THE DWELLER/ DWELLING”. This study is an attempt to identify THE factors contributing THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DWELLER AND THE DWELLING. In this regard, based on THE degree of legibility AND meaning exchange, we proposed several levels of RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DWELLER/DWELLING: ”Signification”, “Meaning made by THE DWELLERs” AND “Meaning generated by THE DWELLING’”. Finally, THE characteristics of a DWELLING which interacts with THE DWELLER are introduced AND categorized as “readable AND familiar DWELLING”, “thought-provoking AND imaginative DWELLING”AND “transcendental DWELLING”.

THE aim of this paper is to consider wheTHEr critical rationalism has any ideas which could usefully be applied to THE internet.  Today we tend to take THE internet for granted AND it is easy to forget that it was only about two decades ago that it began to be used to any significant extent. Accordingly in section 1 of THE paper, THEre is a brief consideration of THE history of THE internet.  At first sight this makes it looks implausible that any of Popper’s ideas could be applicable to THE internet, since Popper died before THE internet came into general use.  However, section 2 argues that Popper’s THEory of World 3 does apply very well to THE internet.  This application is significant because, as shown in section 3, it leads to THE problem of misinformation, which is one of THE most significant problems generated by THE internet.  In section 4 THEre is an attempt to solve this problem using ideas taken from Popper’s epistemology. It is argued that THEre should be changes in education designed to prepare students for THE internet age. Teaching in THE internet age should focus on presenting to THE students not just THE accepted THEories but also THE evidence on which THEy are based. An illustration of how this might be done is given by considering an example from science teaching, namely THE teaching of Newtonian mechanics in THE last years of school or first years of university.

Curriculum as THE backbone of THE educational system is one of THE important factors in creating fundamental changes in THE higher education system; THE purpose of this research is to explain THE effectiveness of entrepreneurship education model from THE Islamic point of view AND  THE Leader, so that it can be used to examine THE curriculum of architecture education in terms of THE realization of entrepreneurship components in students. THE method of THE current research is a mixed exploratory one, which in THE qualitative part, by examining THE views of THE Leader in his articles, books AND speeches, descriptive propositions of his thought regarding THE effectiveness of entrepreneurship education were extracted with THE implication research method. In THE quantitative part, THE data was analyzed using structural equation method AND using SPSS20 AND smart PLS software. THE findings showed that THE model of entrepreneurship from THE Leader'spoint of view can be divided into four main pillars: vision, knowledge, skill AND business. AND each of THEse main pillars overlaps with THE model of effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in architecture curriculum. In this way, architecture higher education centers can, in addition to creating entrepreneurship curricula in THE field of architecture, by identifying THE potentials in THE curricula of this field, strengTHEn THE strengths AND eliminate THE weaknesses in THEm. This model, while providing THE conditions for THE realization of entrepreneurship education in academic fields, provides THE context for THE implementation of a local model in THE light of Islamic orders.

Gender socialization, as one of THE most basic types of socialization, affects a person's individual AND social life, including THE stability of his or her marital life. THE aim of this study was to explain THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN gender socialization AND divorce BETWEEN 178 divorced women AND 222 women with emotional divorce, which was conducted by survey method in BANDar Abbas. This study used biological AND social THEories to explain gender socialization AND THEories of structural functionalism AND THE love triangle to explain divorce. In THE present study, simple AND stratified rANDom sampling proportional to volume was used for women with emotional divorce AND chain sampling was used for divorced women. Questionnaire data were collected through interviews AND face validity was confirmed through literature review AND expert judgment, structural validity was confirmed by factor analysis AND its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. THE results showed that gender socialization of 29.4% of divorced women AND 70.6% of women with emotional divorce is traditional, AND on THE oTHEr hAND 60.2% of divorced women AND 39.8% of women with emotional divorce, Had a modern gender socialization. According to THE results of Chi-square test, THEre is a significant RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE type of gender socialization of women, gender values, gender inequality AND power relations with THE type of divorce. Accordingly, women with emotional divorce have a more traditional outlook than divorced women.

Gender socialization, as one of THE most basic types of socialization, affects a person's individual AND social life, including THE stability of his or her marital life. THE aim of this study was to explain THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN gender socialization AND divorce BETWEEN 178 divorced women AND 222 women with emotional divorce, which was conducted by survey method in BANDar Abbas. This study used biological AND social THEories to explain gender socialization AND THEories of structural functionalism AND THE love triangle to explain divorce. In THE present study, simple AND stratified rANDom sampling proportional to volume was used for women with emotional divorce AND chain sampling was used for divorced women. Questionnaire data were collected through interviews AND face validity was confirmed through literature review AND expert judgment, structural validity was confirmed by factor analysis AND its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. THE results showed that gender socialization of 29.4% of divorced women AND 70.6% of women with emotional divorce is traditional, AND on THE oTHEr hAND 60.2% of divorced women AND 39.8% of women with emotional divorce, Had a modern gender socialization. According to THE results of Chi-square test, THEre is a significant RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE type of gender socialization of women, gender values, gender inequality AND power relations with THE type of divorce. Accordingly, women with emotional divorce have a more traditional outlook than divorced women.

THE influential physicist Richard Feynman became interested in THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN religion AND science during a mid-career phase. He proposed that THEir interface was embroiled in unresolvable difficulties. He felt that science demANDed an attitude of uncertainty for its claims, while religion contrarily required certain belief in its core doctrines. Though possessing several non-contradictory dimensions, Feynman felt that THE nature of THE truth claims of science AND religion suffered from insurmountable elemental conflicts. This was by contrast to Karl Popper, THE leading critical rationalist of THE 20th century, who argued that THEre could be no tension BETWEEN science AND religion. This paper will argue that THE ‘Feynman Problem’ is not as insoluble as it appears. RaTHEr, several solutions exist within critical rationalism. Two will be presented-THE first revolves around THE conjectural basis of knowledge AND is already a well characterised critical rationalist notion. THE second is a novel solution based on THE separate categorisation of psychological, pragmatic, AND epistemological attitudes to religion AND science. Karl Popper’s view of religion-science dissimilarity was a minimalist point of departure for critical rationalists, who have developed increasingly sophisticated frameworks for investigating THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN faith AND reason. Critical rationalism represents an equally inspirational methodology for THE pursuit of scientific AND religious truth. Though both Feynman AND Popper’s views on religion were underdeveloped, THEy foreshadowed THE religion-science frameworks advocated by many late 20th century scientists, especially in THE form of New ATHEism AND Gould’s NOMA THEory.